01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Grease a standard 12-cup muffin tin generously or line with paper liners.
02 - Toss diced rhubarb with ½ cup sugar and 2 tbsp melted butter in a medium bowl until evenly coated. Spoon a heaping tablespoon of the mixture into the bottom of each muffin cup, pressing lightly to form an even layer.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together flour, remaining ½ cup sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until uniformly blended.
04 - In a separate bowl, whisk the cooled melted butter, egg, buttermilk, and vanilla extract until smooth and fully incorporated.
05 - Pour the wet mixture into the dry ingredients and fold gently with a spatula just until no dry streaks remain. Avoid overmixing to keep the muffins tender.
06 - Divide the batter evenly among the prepared muffin cups, spooning it over the rhubarb layer and filling each cup about three-quarters full.
07 - Bake for 22 to 25 minutes until the tops are golden and a toothpick inserted into the center of a muffin comes out clean.
08 - Let the muffins rest in the pan for 5 minutes. Run a knife around the edges of each muffin, then place a wire rack over the pan and invert together so the rhubarb layer ends up on top. Serve slightly warm or at room temperature.